Hierarchical Design for Fabricating Cost-Effective High Performance Supercapacitors

wileyonlinelibrary.com internal/external surface sites of the nanostructure. Thus, the big challenge is in the nanostructure architecture where all of these parameters need to be optimized simultaneously. For the case of a supercapacitor, the nanostructure material is used as the framework to store and transport charges between two parallel electrodes. A conventional supercapacitor usually consists of two electrodes (e.g., made of nano-porous carbon materials) with an electrolyte sandwiched between them. In such a confi guration an electric doublelayer is formed at the interface between the electrolyte and the nanostructure materials of the electrodes. In addition, electrochemical storage can take place at the interfaces, due to the redox reactions which contribute to the pseudo-capacitance of the device. [ 1 ]